The problem of personal IDENTITY among others may stem from the following question—what does be the person that you are, from one day to the next, necessarily consist of? The diachronic problem of personal IDENTITY raises question on the necessary and sufficient conditions for the IDENTITY of the person over time. The synchronic problem is grounded in the question of what features or traits characterize a given person at one time. To answer these questions, John Locke discarded the soul and the body as necessary and sufficient substances for personal IDENTITY over time. He accepted consciousness as the only criterion for personal IDENTITY; the only thing capable of remaining the same and preserving personal IDENTITY through change. Though Locke’s argument is somewhat clear and coherent but what remains vague and incoherent is embedded in the question—what exactly is consciousness? How and why should it be the basis or criterion for the determination of personal IDENTITY? Using the method of critical analysis, I argue that Locke’s choice of consciousness as the determinant of personal IDENTITY, though quite novel, is incoherent and vague. Secondly, Locke had already presumed and anticipated clearly though fallaciously the very thing he wishes to substantiate. I therefore conclude that Locke’s argument is just another way of trying to escape but inadvertently prolonging the difficulty of apparently articulating a distinction between the psychological approach and physiological approach to the problem of personal IDENTITY. However, in my submission, I propose the concept of the “other” as alternative approach— a sort of an extrinsic-intrinsic approach to the problem of personal IDENTITY.

In this paper, the effect of social IDENTITY on urban development projects documents has been considered. Creating social IDENTITY through human and natural symbols in cities One of the important issues in urban management is considered as one of the necessities of sustainable development. The methodology of the research in this study is based on the purpose of the study and the method of study according to the method and nature of descriptive-analytical and field studies. The statistical population of this research is urban managers and experts related to social IDENTITY of the city. The research validity of factor analysis and elite opinion has been used and the reliability has been calculated by Krone Bach's alpha test. The Krone-Bach Alpha coefficient calculated for this questionnaire is at an acceptable level of 0.472. In the descriptive statistics section, the demographic characteristics and the inferential analysis section, according to the output of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, a single-variable T-test for the hypothesis has been used because of the normality of confirming or rejecting the research hypotheses. It should be noted that analyzes were performed using SPSS software. Findings of the research indicate that social IDENTITY has no significant effect on the documents of the urban development programs, and according to the average obtained, which is higher than the average observed, indicates that the social IDENTITY status is higher than the average effective.

City as a special kind of social life structure has been the focus of many scholars and thinkers. To interpret some of them, this structure comes through a time-place continuum which provides IDENTITY reproduction. Communities as town texture and physical- social reality can have continuation in the particular time and place condition and LOCAL IDENTITY is created from the process of actions, affiliations and social cohesion in the communal boundaries.Tehran, metropolitan, which in recent years involved with numerous issues. By Tehran centralization, many people to take advantage of the increasing share of the facilities in Tehran depart to this city, and city has confronted with crisis in preserving the collective memory and IDENTITY crisis in the communities. Hence, this research in a descriptive - analytic study reviewed the collective memory and LOCAL IDENTITY theories, and researcher with qualitative methods collected data (25 interviews) in 2 communities and the results have been obtained. This research is going on with the review of important factors on IDENTITY and weakening and strengthening of collective memory, IDENTITY search production and reproduction of the LOCAL IDENTITY.

Clothing of different Iranian tribes is one of the Character istics of IDENTITY documents. Baluch tribes as one of the oldest and the most authentic Iranian tribes, have their special clothing that makes a distinction among them and the other Iranian tribes. Since there is a close relationship between LOCAL clothing and national identification, the significance of traditional clothing has been studied in this research. In this descriptive and analytical study, authors have tried to introduce and study the clothing of Baluch's men and women. The results suggest that there is a relationship between Baluch LOCAL clothing and their national identification, so in addition to introducing this tribe, a clear evidence of Baluch identification and in a higher level their national IDENTITY as one of the authentic Iranian tribe has been studied.

This investigation aims at studying the strength of LOCAL IDENTITY within neighborhoods of the city of Tehran. Previous researches show that few decades ago LOCAL IDENTITY and belonging was strong within neighborhoods and because of close and vast relationships between people the extent of deviance was so low in LOCAL communities. This close relationship and sense of belonging to LOCAL community among people also had different social functions and was a source of emotional support for residents of LOCAL communities. However in recent years profound physical and social changes have tended to weaken that sense of blonging and LOCAL IDENTITY and wash away its functions. Regarding these deep changes it seems necessary to study the LOCAL IDENTITY and sense of belonging in order to understand its new conditions and mechanisms; therefore we can plan to rebuild that sense of IDENTITY in new forms.This study makes use of classical social theories, IDENTITY theories; theories of place IDENTITY, particularly LOCAL IDENTITY theories, in order build a theoretical basis to study the extent of LOCAL IDENTITY in Tehran city. Our statistical society is all+18 citizens of the city of Tehran and we have used survey method and structured questionnaire to conduct research and gather data. Results show that demographical variables make no meaningful difference in LOCAL IDENTITY and overall the extent of LOCAL IDENTITY among Tehranian is moderate.

The current research was conducted with the aim of the effect of attachment style on emotion regulation with the mediating role of IDENTITY style. The research method was descriptive and structural equation analysis. The statistical population of the research was all second year high school students of Kashan city in the academic year of 1400-1401, of which 500 people were selected by random cluster method. Data were collected based on three questionnaires: Gross & Jan (2003) Emotional Regulation Inventory, IDENTITY Style Scale (6G-ISI) and Collins and Reid (1990) Attachment Style Questionnaire. The data are obtained by structural equation modeling and using Laserl 8.8 and 26 spss software. analyzed. Based on the results, secure attachment style at a significance level of 0.01, avoidant attachment style at a significance level of 0.05, and ambivalent attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three attachments, secure attachment style predicted emotion regulation at a significant level of 0.01, with the mediation of IDENTITY styles. Informational IDENTITY style at a significance level of 0.01, confused IDENTITY style at a significance level of 0.05 directly predicted emotion regulation. Among the three attachments, only the secure attachment style at a significance level of 0.01 had a significant role in predicting the normative IDENTITY style. According to the results of this study, emotion regulation is one of the most important constructs of educational psychology and an important factor in determining mental health and successful performance. It is in education that the factors affecting emotion regulation and its antecedents should be identified. Planning for training and holding educational workshops in this field in schools is suggested for students.